Air pollution is one of the biggest global epidemics, responsible for the death of at least seven million people every year. Continuous exposure to polluted air increases the risk of health diseases and premature death. This environmental crisis must be addressed before it becomes irreversible.
The industrial revolution and its effects
The Industrial Revolution (1820-1840) marked the beginning of mechanical production and the massive use of coal and iron, increasing air pollution. Industrial cities were filled with high emissions, worsening air quality. By 1970, Europe and North America contributed more than 80% of global sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, writes earth.org.
Major events of the 20th century
The Great Smog of London (1952)
In December 1952, London was covered in a thick smog that caused the premature death of around 12,000 people. This led to the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1956, reducing pollution from industrial activities.
Acid rain
Acid rain, identified in the 1960s, became a major environmental problem, causing acidification of waters and loss of biodiversity. International agreements, such as the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), helped reduce SO2 and NOx emissions.
Impact of Ozone at Ground Level
Ground-level ozone, a secondary pollutant, became a problem in the 1980s, causing respiratory problems and increased premature mortality. Efforts to reduce it intensified in the US and other countries.
Recent changes
Asia, particularly China and India, have become the centers of air pollution. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have worsened air quality. While developed countries have improved air quality, many developing countries still suffer from high pollution due to poor infrastructure and outdated technology.
Air pollution today
WHO reports that 91% of the global population lives in countries where air quality is below standards. Suspended particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the main contributors to health problems, including heart disease and cancer.
The perspective of the future
Solutions to stop air pollution include closing down polluting power plants, switching to renewable energy, improving public transport and managing waste. Coordinated efforts are essential to protect human health and the environment for future generations.
